Key Findings

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in probiotic lozenges, including erm(T), rpoB, gyr(A), parC, dfrD, aph(3”)-III, ant(2”)-I, erm(B), mefA, cat-TC, vanX, and vatE, which confer resistance to erythromycin, rifampicin, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, kanamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin.