Browse AMR Genes

Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature

ResLit

folP1

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

UniProt

Protein entries specific to folP1

AMR Rules

Browse AMR rules for folP1

Overview

Drug Classes: Dapsone
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium smegmatis
Papers: 10
Mutations: 28

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
P55L	CCC->CTC	-	Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium smegmatis	Dapsone	Reslit	Supported
T53I	-	-	Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium smegmatis	Dapsone	Reslit	Supported
P55R	-	-	Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium smegmatis

Papers10

1

Molecular Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycobacterium leprae from Leprosy Patients in Zhejiang Province, China.

PMID 35924023 · 2022

Mutation Information

folP1: p.P55L

Protein Change: P55L
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit

2

Classic and new candidate markers for drug resistance in a large cohort of leprosy patients from the Amazon state, Brazil.

PMID 40391941 · 2025

Previously reported as a dapsone resistance mutation

Mutation Information

folP1: p.T53I folP1: p.P55R folP1: p.P55L folP1: p.T53R

Protein Change: T53I, P55R, P55L, T53R
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit

3

A new Mycobacterium leprae dihydropteroate synthase variant (V39I) from Papua, Indonesia.

PMID 31016254 · 2019

Mutation Information

folP1: p.V39I

Protein Change: V39I
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Effect on Function: slightly reduced binding affinity
Source Database: Reslit

4

Primary multidrug-resistant leprosy, United States.

PMID 23260417 · 2013

Mutation Information

folP1: p.T53A

Protein Change: T53A
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit

5

Leprosy Drug Resistance Surveillance in Colombia: The Experience of a Sentinel Country.

PMID 27706165 · 2016

requires in vivo validation

Mutation Information

folP1: p.P55L folP1: p.T53A folP1: p.D91H folP1: p.R94W folP1: p.T88P

Protein Change: P55L, T53A, D91H, R94W, T88P
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit

6

Mutation analysis of the Mycobacterium leprae folP1 gene and dapsone resistance.

PMID 21115799 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: P55T, V48D, T53P, V48A, T53N, P55A, V48G, T53S, P55S, V48I, T53A, R54R, P55H, V48L, T53I, R54G, P55R, V48F, R54W, P55L
Organisms: Mycobacterium smegmatis
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit

7

Detection of antibiotic resistance in leprosy using GenoType LepraeDR, a novel ready-to-use molecular test.

PMID 22860144 · 2012

Mutation Information

folP1: p.P55L folP1: p.P55R folP1: p.T53I folP1: p.T53V folP1: c.T53A

Protein Change: P55L, P55R, T53I, T53V
Nucleotide Change: T53A
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit

8

Nested PCR and the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay enhanced the sensitivity of drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium leprae using clinical specimens of leprosy patients.

PMID 31881061 · 2019

Mutation Information

folP1: p.T53I folP1: p.T55I folP1: p.R54G folP1: p.T53A

Protein Change: T53I, T55I, R54G, T53A
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit

9

Dapsone Resistance in Leprosy Patients Originally from American Samoa, United States, 2010-2012.

PMID 30016255 · 2018

Mutations in the drug resistance-determining region of the folP1 gene are associated with dapsone resistance.

Mutation Information

folP1: p.T53A folP1: p.P55L folP1: p.T53I folP1: p.P55R

Protein Change: T53A, P55L, T53I, P55R
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit

10

Real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis for rapid detection of Mycobacterium leprae drug resistance mutations and strain types.

PMID 22170923 · 2012

Detected in clinical strains

Mutation Information

folP1: p.P55L / c.CCC->CTC

Protein Change: P55L
Nucleotide Change: CCC->CTC
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: Dapsone
Source Database: Reslit