The study identifies an inactivated form of the mcr-1 gene in a 2008 Vietnamese Shigella sonnei isolate, which can be reactivated upon exposure to colistin, leading to high-level colistin resistance.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a plasmid-encoded colistin-resistance gene in swine-pathogenic E. coli in Japan, highlighting its widespread dissemination and association with colistin use in swine.

The study identifies the chromosomal locations of mcr-1 and bla CTX-M-15 in fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli ST410, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the spread of multidrug resistance.

The study reports the first detection of a novel mcr variant, mcr-1.2, in a colistin-resistant KPC carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of sequence type 512, which confers resistance to colistin.

The study identified the presence of bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV, and bla CMY genes in cefotaxime-resistant Salmonella isolates, as well as the mcr-1 gene in colistin-resistant isolates. S. Infantis showed high resistance rates to multiple antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin.

The study developed two real-time quantitative PCR assays with TaqMan probes to detect the MCR-1 plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene in bacterial isolates and chicken fecal samples.

The study identified mcr-1 as a transmissible gene responsible for colistin resistance in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Singapore.

The study identified the mcr-1 gene in colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Hong Kong, highlighting the spread of this gene among various bacterial species and emphasizing the need for surveillance.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from bovine animals in Europe.

The study reports the isolation of an Escherichia coli strain harboring both mcr-1 and blaNDM-5, which conferred resistance to colistin and carbapenems, respectively.

The study reports the genome sequence of an avian ExPEC strain IHIT25637 carrying the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1, which confers resistance to colistin and polymyxin B.

The study characterizes the MCR-1 enzyme, a phosphoethanolamine transferase that confers colistin resistance by modifying lipid A in the bacterial membrane.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria from fresh produce, including mcr-1, qnrA1, blaGES-11, mphA, and oqxAB, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant resistance genes.

The paper discusses the emergence and spread of various beta-lactamases, including CTX-M, KPC-2, and NDM-1, as well as polymyxin resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae in Brazil.

The paper discusses the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by the mcr-1 gene in Enterobacteriaceae, highlighting its significance in livestock and implications for human health.

The study characterizes the mcr-1 gene, which confers colistin resistance by adding phosphoethanolamine to lipid A. The gene was found in plasmids from clinical E. coli isolates and was shown to confer resistance when expressed in E. coli.

The paper discusses the rapid spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and characterizes various carbapenemase genes such as bla KPC, bla NDM, bla VIM, bla OXA-48, and bla IMP, highlighting their roles in conferring resistance to carbapenems.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene in PMQR-carrying ST34 Salmonella isolates from animals in China, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and floR.

The study characterizes MCR-1, a phosphoethanolamine transferase that confers colistin resistance by modifying lipid A in Escherichia coli. Mutational analysis confirms that specific residues in MCR-1 are essential for its enzymatic activity and colistin resistance.

The study identified mcr-1-harbouring E. coli in pigs in Great Britain, highlighting the presence of colistin resistance mediated by this gene.

The study identified mcr-1-carrying Enterobacteriaceae in sewage water from Barcelona, Spain, highlighting the spread of colistin resistance in the environment.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene in Salmonella isolates from pigs in China, highlighting its association with colistin resistance. Additionally, the study reports the presence of floR and oqxAB genes, which confer resistance to florfenicol and olaquindox/ciprofloxacin, respectively.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a key determinant of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and characterizes the role of the ISApl1 transposon in its mobilization and genomic instability.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene and a novel variant, mcr-1.3, in Escherichia coli isolates from chickens in China, both conferring colistin resistance. The mcr-1.3 variant was found to have a point mutation resulting in an I38V amino acid change, yet still conferred similar levels of colistin resistance as mcr-1.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene and a novel variant, mcr-1.3, in Escherichia coli isolates from chickens in China, both conferring colistin resistance. The mcr-1.3 variant was found to have a point mutation resulting in an I38V amino acid change, yet still conferred similar levels of colistin resistance as mcr-1.

The study reports a new mcr-1 gene variant, mcr-1.6, carried by an IncP plasmid in a colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate from a healthy individual. The mcr-1.6 gene contains two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, one resulting in an arginine to histidine change (Arg536→His). The mutation did not significantly affect the gene's colistin resistance activity.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a key factor in colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, particularly in E. coli, and characterizes its genetic context within IncX4 plasmids.

The study demonstrates that the mcr-1 gene confers colistin resistance in various Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens, including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa, through the modification of lipid A with phosphoethanolamine.

The study identified four mcr-1 producing E. coli isolates, which showed resistance to colistin and other antibiotics, highlighting the need for increased surveillance of mcr-1 gene transmission.

The study found a high prevalence of colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals in China, with 91.0% of colistin-resistant isolates being positive for the mcr-1 gene.

The study reports three cases of bloodstream infections caused by colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 gene, highlighting the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Italy.

The study identified blaKPC-2 and blaNDM as the primary carbapenemase genes responsible for carbapenem resistance in CRE in China, with blaKPC-2 being more prevalent in K. pneumoniae and blaNDM in E. coli. Additionally, fosA3 was found to mediate fosfomycin resistance, and mcr-1 was associated with colistin resistance in some E. coli strains.

The study identified an increased proportion of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in Belgium, with OXA-48 being the most prevalent carbapenemase. A plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene was detected in a colistin-resistant E. coli isolate.

The study identified the polymyxin resistance gene mcr-1 in various waterborne Enterobacteriaceae, highlighting its presence in both plasmid and chromosomal contexts.

The study identified a colistin-susceptible E. coli strain harboring the mcr-1 gene, which was rendered nonfunctional due to an IS10R transposon insertion. The mcr-1 gene was found to be present in 0.35% of fecal samples from patients at a tertiary care hospital.

The paper discusses the role of bacteria from animals as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes such as erm(B), tet(M), cfr, and others in different bacterial species, emphasizing their contribution to the spread of resistance.

The study evaluates susceptibility testing methods for colistin and polymyxin B in carbapenem-resistant and mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae, highlighting the importance of mcr-1 in increasing MICs of these antibiotics.

The study identifies two colistin-resistant E. coli isolates carrying the mcr-1 gene on IncI2 plasmids, indicating local acquisition of mcr-1 in Australia.

The study characterizes mcr-1-carrying plasmids from clinical E. coli isolates in Argentina and Canada, identifying a new mcr-1 variant, mcr-1.5, which confers resistance to colistin.

The study characterizes mcr-1-carrying plasmids from clinical E. coli isolates in Argentina and Canada, identifying a new mcr-1 variant, mcr-1.5, which confers resistance to colistin.

The study reports the full genomes of over 10 mcr-1-harboring plasmids, including a novel hybrid IncI2/IncFIB plasmid pGD17-2, and identifies the co-occurrence of two unique mcr-1-bearing plasmids in a single isolate, highlighting the diversity and dissemination potential of mcr-1-carrying plasmids.

The study reports the emergence of the mcr-1 gene in Raoultella ornithinolytica and Escherichia coli isolates from retail vegetables in China, indicating the potential spread of colistin resistance through the food chain.

The study identifies mcr-1 and bla(NDM-5) as key resistance genes in E. coli MCR1_NJ, demonstrating that a triple combination of polymyxin B, aztreonam, and amikacin effectively eradicates the isolate.

The study identified the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene and several other clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes, including ermB, tetM, CTX-M, CTX-M-32, blaTEM, and CMY-2, in wastewater treatment plant samples in Germany.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as the primary plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. clinical isolates in the Western Cape of South Africa, with 83% of colistin-resistant isolates carrying the gene.

The paper discusses the diagnosis, therapy, and antimicrobial resistance of swine enteric colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). It highlights the importance of identifying virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns in ETEC strains, particularly regarding resistance to apramycin, neomycin, trimethoprim-sulfonimide, and colistin.

The study identifies the co-occurrence of colistin-resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-3 in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from cattle in Spain, highlighting the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Europe.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla_CMY-2, bla_TEM, aadA2, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, and sul2, in multiple Salmonella serotypes isolated from swine farm environments. These genes were found on plasmids and contributed to resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a significant cause of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Colombia, highlighting its presence in various bacterial species and its potential for horizontal transmission via plasmids.

The study confirms that the mcr-1 gene, which encodes a phosphoethanolamine transferase, confers colistin resistance in various Gram-negative bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a plasmid-borne determinant of colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and demonstrates that small molecule adjuvants can resensitize mcr-1-harboring strains to colistin.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinant in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, demonstrating its role in reducing susceptibility to colistin through phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A.

The study identifies the widespread presence of mcr-1-bearing bacteria in various ecological niches, highlighting the significant role of mcr-1 in conferring colistin resistance.

The study identified mcr-1, mcr-2, and mcr-3 genes in flies and their associated bacteria, highlighting the role of flies as vectors for colistin resistance genes.

The study characterizes the mcr-1 gene, which confers resistance to colistin, in Salmonella strains isolated from animals and food samples in China.

The study identifies several β-lactamase genes (bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-58) and the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in ESBL-EC from recreational water, wastewater, and clinical samples. These genes contribute to resistance against β-lactam antibiotics and colistin.

The study identifies mcr-1 as a key contributor to colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, highlighting the role of various plasmid families in its spread.

The study identifies mcr-1.10 and mcr-2.2 variant genes in Moraxella species isolated from pigs in Great Britain, along with eptA, which confer resistance to colistin. Additionally, bla BRO-1 and tetL genes were found to confer resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline respectively.

The study demonstrates that MCR-1, a plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance gene, can be inhibited by peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs), restoring polymyxin sensitivity in Escherichia coli.

The study identifies two new mcr-1 variants, mcr-1.4 and mcr-1.7, which confer colistin resistance in Escherichia coli. These variants were experimentally validated through cloning and MIC testing.

The study identifies two new mcr-1 variants, mcr-1.4 and mcr-1.7, which confer colistin resistance in Escherichia coli. These variants were experimentally validated through cloning and MIC testing.

The study identifies two new mcr-1 variants, mcr-1.4 and mcr-1.7, which confer colistin resistance in Escherichia coli. These variants were experimentally validated through cloning and MIC testing.

This study identifies mgrB disruptions and mcr-1 as key mechanisms of colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates from Pakistan.

The study identifies a high rate of MCR-1-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among pigs in Portugal, highlighting the spread of colistin resistance in agricultural settings.

The study identifies a plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene in a colistin-resistant and carbapenem-susceptible E. coli isolate, highlighting the potential silent spread of colistin resistance in Brazil.

The study developed a multiplex SYBR Green real-time PCR assay for detecting mcr-1, mcr-2, and mcr-3 genes, which confer colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.

The LBJMR medium effectively isolates colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including those harboring the mcr-1 gene, and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

The study identified various extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-28, and bla CTX-M-138, as well as carbapenemase genes bla KPC-2 and bla KPC-3, and the colistin resistance gene mcr-1.2 in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from water sources in the Oltrepò Pavese area. These genes were found to confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene, a plasmid-encoded colistin resistance gene, in two closely related ST21C1 strains isolated from bovines in Japan, highlighting the accumulation of antimicrobial resistance genes in the ST21C1 lineage.

The study identified the mcr-1 gene as a major contributor to colistin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased pigs in France, along with various mutations in genes involved in the regulation of colistin resistance.

The study characterizes the mcr-1 gene, which encodes a lipid A modifying enzyme that confers resistance to colistin. Overexpression of mcr-1 leads to reduced bacterial growth, viability, and membrane integrity in E. coli.

The study identifies mcr-1 as a key gene for colistin resistance in E. coli, and reports mutations in pmrB and phoQ as additional mechanisms in mcr-negative isolates.

The study characterizes the genetic environment of the mcr-1 gene, which mediates colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. It identifies the integration of mcr-1 into plasmids and highlights the role of IS Apl1 in facilitating its spread.

The study identified the mcr-1 gene in a colistin-resistant Salmonella isolate, highlighting the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella from meat in Vietnam.

The study characterizes the expression of the plasmid-borne mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in different bacterial hosts and plasmid backgrounds, demonstrating variable expression levels and responses to colistin treatment.

The study identified a high prevalence of CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli in migratory avian species in Pakistan, highlighting the role of wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants.

The study identifies mcr-1-positive E. coli strains in farming soil, highlighting the presence of colistin resistance in environmental settings.

The study identified the emergence of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates, highlighting the increasing threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria in a hospital setting in Henan, China.

The study identifies mcr-1 as a gene that confers resistance to colistin. It shows that mcr-1-expressing bacteria are susceptible to colistin-mediated outer membrane disruption and can be killed in vitro and in vivo by combining colistin with other antibiotics.

Eugenol showed synergistic effects with colistin against colistin-resistant E. coli strains, and down-regulated the expression of the mcr-1 gene, which is responsible for colistin resistance.

The study identified 14 mcr-1-positive E. coli strains from fecal specimens, highlighting the presence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in both patients and asymptomatic individuals in Hong Kong.

The study developed a multiplex PCR assay to detect plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 in Enterobacteriaceae. The method was validated using 49 isolates and showed 100% concordance with WGS data. A new variant, mcr-4.3, was identified.

The study identifies mcr-1 as a plasmid-encoded gene that confers colistin resistance by transferring phosphoethanolamine to lipid A, altering the bacterial outer membrane and reducing susceptibility to colistin.

The study identified high prevalence of mcr-1, mcr-2, and mcr-3 genes in pigs and poultry in China, highlighting the need for increased surveillance of colistin resistance.

The study reports the identification of a functional, transferable mcr-1 gene in a colistin-resistant Shigella flexneri isolate, highlighting the potential spread of polymyxin resistance in agricultural settings.

The mcr-1 gene confers polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae through modification of lipid A with phosphoethanolamine, but it incurs a significant biological fitness cost.

The study introduces a calcium-enhanced Mueller-Hinton (CE-MH) medium that improves the detection of colistin resistance in mcr-1-containing Enterobacteriaceae. The mcr-1 gene was experimentally validated to confer low-level resistance to colistin.

The study reports the emergence of mcr-1 in multidrug-resistant KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae, highlighting the importance of surveillance for mcr-1 to guide treatment decisions.

The study identified the mcr-1 gene in colistin-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from travelers returning to Japan from Vietnam.

The study characterizes the global distribution of the mcr-1 gene, which confers resistance to colistin, and identifies its origin and spread through phylogenetic analysis of 457 mcr-1-positive isolates.

The study identified the mcr-1 gene as a significant contributor to colistin resistance in E. coli isolates, with 10 out of 18 colistin-resistant isolates carrying this gene.

Cysteamine (CYS) and cystamine (CTM) increase Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and potentiate antibiotics against multidrug-resistant pathogens, including reversing colistin resistance mediated by mcr-1.

The study identifies and characterizes the functions of EptA, MCR-1, and MCR-2, which are responsible for polymyxin resistance in bacteria. These genes encode phosphoethanolamine transferases that modify lipid A, reducing the susceptibility of bacteria to polymyxin.

The study identifies a mcr-1-bearing plasmid in commensal colistin-resistant Escherichia coli from healthy broilers in Pakistan, highlighting the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in poultry.

The study shows that the mcr-1 gene, which confers colistin resistance, does not affect the activity of the monoclonal antibody ASN-4 against Escherichia coli ST131-H30 strains.

The study identifies mcr-1 as the primary mediator of colistin resistance in two nonclonal multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, QS17-0029 and QS17-0161, which also carry multiple other resistance genes including bla NDM-1, bla OXA-232, bla CTX-M-15, and others.

The study identified the mcr-1 gene, which confers colistin resistance, in colistin-resistant E. coli isolates from the Jin River water and egret feces, indicating the environmental dissemination of this gene via wild birds.

The study identified the mcr-1 gene in a Salmonella Typhimurium isolate from ready-to-eat pork in China, which conferred resistance to colistin. Additionally, a mutation in the gyrA gene (D87N) was found to contribute to resistance against fluoroquinolones.

The study reports the co-location of the polymyxin resistance genes mcr-1 and a variant of mcr-3, named mcr-3.11, on a plasmid in an Escherichia coli isolate from a chicken farm. Both genes confer resistance to colistin.

The study identifies mcr-3 and mcr-1 genes in Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli isolates from human gut samples, highlighting their role in colistin resistance.

The study identified a novel mcr-1 variant, mcr-1.9, which confers resistance to colistin in a multidrug-resistant ETEC strain. The variant differs from mcr-1 by a single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in an amino acid substitution in the MCR-1 protein.