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mexD

efflux pump component

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to mexD

Browse AMR rules for mexD

Validation StatusConfirmed2+ DBs

Overview

Mechanism: modification of substrate specificity
Validation Method: overexpression
Drug Classes: Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Imipenem, Fluoroquinolone, Aminoglycoside, Tetracycline, Macrolide, Ceftolozane/tazobactam, Ceftazidime-avibactam, Chloramphenicol, Bacitracin, Erythromycin, Roxithromycin, Glycylcyclines, Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Carbapenem, Diaminopyrimidines, Aminocoumarin, Triclosan, Ceftolozane/tazobactam|Ceftazidime-avibactam, Levofloxacin, Tigecycline, Ciprofloxacin|Norfloxacin|Imipenem|Meropenem, Piperacillin/tazobactam|Ceftazidime|Cefepime|Meropenem|Imipenem|Tobramycin|Ciprofloxacin, AVIBACTAM
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOMS, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Delftia tsuruhatensis MR-6/3H, Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Brazil, Europe, Europe|Denmark, India, Manitoba, Canada +2 more
Papers: 17
Databases: Card DatabaseReslit
Mutations: 6

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
Q178R	-	multidrug efflux RND transporter permease subunit MexD	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ceftolozane/tazobactam\|Ceftazidime-avibactamAVIBACTAM	Reference Gene CatalogReslit	Confirmed
S133G	-	multidrug efflux RND transporter permease subunit MexD	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ceftolozane/tazobactam\|Ceftazidime-avibactamAVIBACTAM	Reference Gene CatalogReslit	Confirmed

Papers17

1

Evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Resistance and Fitness under Low and High Mutation Rates.

PMID 26729493 · 2016

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: CiprofloxacinMeropenem
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOMS
Validation Method: overexpression

2

Genomics and Susceptibility Profiles of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Spain.

PMID 28874376 · 2017

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Spain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and mutations in genes such as ampC, oprD, gyrA, parC, mexZ, and glpT, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: Efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Piperacillin/tazobactamCeftazidimeCefepimeImipenemMeropenemCiprofloxacin
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Geographic Location: Spain
Validation Method: sequencing and phenotypic testing
Sequence Accession: PRJEB21341|ERS1792085|ERS1792128

3

Application of six multiplex PCR's among 200 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the detection of 20 drug resistance encoding genes.

PMID 29413231 · 2018

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes (blaTem, blaOXA, blaCTX-M-15, blaVim, blaGes, blaVeb, blaDIM, AmpC) and efflux pump genes (MexA, MexB, OprM, MexC, MexD, OprJ, MexX, MexY, OprN, nfxB, MexR, OprD) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, highlighting their roles in mediating resistance to various antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: Efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: FluoroquinoloneAminoglycoside
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Geographic Location: India
Validation Method: multiplex PCR

4

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Resistance Mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Tachyplesin I.

PMID 32021330 · 2020

The study identifies several efflux pump genes, including mexB, mexC, mexR, armR, and others, that are upregulated in tachyplesin I-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, suggesting their role in resistance through increased efflux of the antimicrobial peptide.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: RND multidrug efflux transporter MexD
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Validation Method: RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR

5

Full pathogen characterisation: species identification including the detection of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes via multiplex DNA-assays.

PMID 33727586 · 2021

The study presents a DNA microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of 44 sepsis-relevant bacterial pathogens, 360 virulence factors, and 409 antibiotic resistance genes. The assay was evaluated with 14 multidrug-resistant strains, including all ESKAPE pathogens.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: FluoroquinoloneTetracyclineMacrolide
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Validation Method: microarray detection

6

Emergence of Resistance to Novel Cephalosporin–β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations through the Modification of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexCD-OprJ Efflux Pump.

PMID 34060900 · 2021

The study identified mutations in the mexD gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modify the substrate specificity of the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump, leading to resistance against ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: modification of substrate specificity
Confers Resistance To: Ceftolozane/tazobactamCeftazidime-avibactam
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Validation Method: construction of mexD mutants and complementation assays
Sequence Accession: ERS6196999

7

Combination of phage therapy and cefiderocol to successfully treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa cranial osteomyelitis.

PMID 35529052 · 2022

The study identifies the presence of the blaGES-1 gene and MDR efflux pumps MexD and MexX in multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, which contribute to resistance against various β-lactam antibiotics. Phage therapy in combination with cefiderocol was successful in treating the infection.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Geographic Location: Europe
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: CP063225|CP063226|CP063227|CP063228|CP063229|CP063230

8

Antibiotic resistance in plant growth promoting bacteria: A comprehensive review and future perspectives to mitigate potential gene invasion risks.

PMID 36204627 · 2022

This review highlights the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and emphasizes the potential risks of ARG dissemination through biofertilizers. Key findings include the identification of various ARGs such as bacA, fosB, ermD, bl2a, vanSA, cat, acrD, mexF, mexD, mexW, mexE, mexY, mexX, mexZ, mexR, mexA, mexB, mexC, mexD, mexE, and mexF, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: ChloramphenicolBacitracinErythromycinFluoroquinoloneRoxithromycinGlycylcyclines
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Validation Method: Table 1

9

Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Delftia tsuruhatensis isolated from raw bovine milk.

PMID 38239723 · 2023

The study identifies multiple efflux pump genes and a genus-specific OXA-926-like beta-lactamase in the multidrug-resistant Delftia tsuruhatensis strain MR-6/3H, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: efflux pump
Confers Resistance To: PenicillinCephalosporinCarbapenemAminoglycosideFluoroquinoloneDiaminopyrimidinesTetracyclineAminocoumarinMacrolide
Organisms Tested In: • Delftia tsuruhatensis MR-6/3H
Geographic Location: Russia
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Sequence Accession: PRJNA903655|JAPMID000000000

10

Bacterial diversity and resistome analysis of drinking water stored in cisterns from two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada.

PMID 38305192 · 2024

The study identified a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance genes in drinking water stored in cisterns from two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. Key findings include the presence of genes such as aac(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Iia, aac(6')-Iic, aph(3')-Ia, acrD, smeB, smeR, FEZ-1, rm3, SPG-1, OXA-21, OXA-119, OXA-205, dfrA14, dfrB6, acrB, acrF, adeF, ceoB, emrA, mexE, mexF, mexI, oprN, oqxB, BRP(MBL), vanSO, axyY, CRP, efrB, macB, mexB, mexC, mexD, mexK, mexQ, mexW, mexY, mtrA, muxB, muxC, oleB, oleC, ompB, oprM, smeD, smeE, golS, mdsB, PER-2, TEM-126, msbA, arnA, bacA, bcrA, MCR-5, rosA, rosB, rpoB2, ugd, mexN, taeA, efpA, rphA, rphB, otr(A), otrC, tetA(48 ), ompH, and triC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, monobactams, nitroimidazoles, peptides, phenicols, pleuromutilins, rifamycins, tetracyclines, and triclosan.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Macrolide
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Manitoba, Canada
Validation Method: metagenomic sequencing
Sequence Accession: PRJNA1005677

11

The mobilome landscape of biocide-resistance in Brazilian ESKAPE isolates.

PMID 39028534 · 2024

The study identified multiple biocide resistance genes in Brazilian ESKAPE isolates, highlighting the presence of resistance mechanisms against benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, and triclosan. Key genes included efflux pumps (acrE/envC, acrF/envD, adeA, adeB, adeC, mexD, oqxA, oqxB, qacA, qacR, sdeB), enzyme modifiers (fabV, sh-fabI), and porins (kpnO).

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: efflux pump
Confers Resistance To: Triclosan
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Geographic Location: Brazil
Validation Method: bioinformatics analysis

12

From Proteome to Potential Drugs: Integration of Subtractive Proteomics and Ensemble Docking for Drug Repurposing against Pseudomonas aeruginosa RND Superfamily Proteins.

PMID 39125594 · 2024

The study identifies and characterizes essential proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly RND efflux pumps, which are critical for antibiotic resistance. Computational methods and ensemble docking were used to find potential inhibitors like MK-3207, R-428, and Suramin, showing promise for drug repurposing.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: RND transporter
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: efflux pump
Confers Resistance To: FluoroquinoloneAminoglycoside
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Validation Method: ensemble docking and non-covalent interaction index

13

Ciprofloxacin resistance rapidly declines in nfxB defective clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 40467543 · 2025

The study demonstrates that ciprofloxacin resistance in nfxB-defective Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains can rapidly decline in antibiotic-free environments due to compensatory mutations in the mexCD-oprJ operon, particularly in mexC and mexD genes.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: overproduction of MexCD-OprJ efflux pump leads to ciprofloxacin resistance
Confers Resistance To: Ciprofloxacin
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Geographic Location: Europe|Denmark
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Sequence Accession: NCBI BioProject PRJNA123456

14

Gene Information

Gene Name: mexD
Allele: MexD
Encodes: resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: antibiotic efflux
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: U57969.1
Protein Accession: AAB41957.1
Notes: ARO:3000801