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panD

aspartate decarboxylase

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

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NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to panD

Browse AMR rules for panD

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: mutated panD gene confers resistance to POA and PZA
Validation Method: conditional overexpression of panD and susceptibility testing
Drug Classes: Pyrazinamide
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Mycobacterium bovis
Geographic Location: China, Southern China
Papers: 11
Databases: Reslit
Mutations: 24

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
A128S	-	-	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Pyrazinamide	ResFinder DatabaseReslit	Confirmed
K9A	-	decreased enzyme activity, enzymatically inactive	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Pyrazinamide	Reslit	Candidate
K7A	-	partially decreased enzyme activity	Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Papers11

1

Aspartate decarboxylase (PanD) as a new target of pyrazinamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 26038753 · 2014

The study identifies mutations in the panD gene as a novel mechanism of resistance to pyrazinamide (PZA) and its active form, pyrazinoic acid (POA), in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Gene Information

Gene Name: panD
Allele: panD
Encodes: aspartate decarboxylase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: mutated panD gene confers resistance to POA and PZA
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium smegmatis
• Escherichia coli
Validation Method: conditional overexpression of panD and susceptibility testing

2

Pyrazinamide Resistance Is Caused by Two Distinct Mechanisms: Prevention of Coenzyme A Depletion and Loss of Virulence Factor Synthesis.

PMID 27759369 · 2016

The study identifies two distinct mechanisms of pyrazinamide resistance: (1) missense mutations in the aspartate decarboxylase panD, which prevent pyrazinoic acid (POA)-mediated coenzyme A (CoA) depletion, and (2) loss-of-function mutations in the polyketide synthases mas and ppsA-E, which affect the synthesis of the virulence factor phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM).

Gene Information

Gene Name: panD
Allele: panD
Encodes: aspartate decarboxylase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: missense mutations in the C-terminal domain of PanD prevent POA-mediated CoA depletion
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium bovis BCG
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and functional validation

3

A Multinational Analysis of Mutations and Heterogeneity in PZase, RpsA, and PanD Associated with Pyrazinamide Resistance in M/XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 28630430 · 2017

Gene Information

Gene Name: panD
Allele: panD
Encodes: aspartate 1-decarboxylase precursor
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: heterogeneous mutation in the gene
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing

4

Overcoming the Challenges of Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing in Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates.

PMID 33972244 · 2021

Gene Information

Gene Name: panD
Allele: panD
Encodes: aspartate decarboxylase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: mutational resistance
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing

5

Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant and Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in Tianjin, China.

PMID 35444430 · 2022

The study characterized various AMR genes and mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates using whole-genome sequencing, identifying key resistance mechanisms for several antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: panD
Allele: panD
Encodes: aspartate carbamoyltransferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: China
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing

6

The epidemiology and gene mutation characteristics of pyrazinamide-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Southern China.

PMID 39745172 · 2025

The study identified pncA, rpsA, and panD mutations associated with pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates.

Gene Information

Gene Name: panD
Allele: panD
Encodes: L-aspartate alpha-decarboxylase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Southern China
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis