The study identifies the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump as critical for intrinsic solvent resistance in Escherichia coli, demonstrating its role in extruding solvents such as nonane, decane, octane, heptane, n-hexane, and cyclohexane.

The study identifies oqxAB and qnrS1 as key contributors to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli isolate HUE1, along with mutations in acrR and marR that lead to overexpression of efflux pumps.

The study identifies the MacAB-TolC pump as a major efflux system for protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Mutants lacking MacAB or TolC accumulate PPIX and show increased photosensitivity, demonstrating the importance of this pump in PPIX efflux.

The study identifies the role of AcrAB-TolC and OqxAB efflux pumps in tigecycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, highlighting the importance of their overexpression in resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in marine hydrothermal vent bacteria, highlighting the presence of plasmid-encoded resistance mechanisms and the coexistence of resistance to various metals and antibiotics.

The study identifies that the BaeSR two-component system regulates the expression of efflux pump genes adeA, adeB, adeI, adeJ, adeK, macA, macB, and tolC in Acinetobacter baumannii, contributing to tigecycline resistance. Deletion of baeR reduces the expression of these genes, leading to increased susceptibility to tannic acid and tigecycline.

The study identifies TriA, TriB, TriC, and OpmH as components of the triclosan efflux pump TriABC-OpmH in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, demonstrating their role in conferring resistance to triclosan and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The research highlights the importance of both TriA and TriB in the functional assembly of the efflux complex.

The paper discusses the role of multidrug efflux pumps in microaerobic and anaerobic bacteria, highlighting their importance in antibiotic resistance. Several efflux systems were identified and characterized, including CmeABC, CmeDEF, CmeG, NhaA1/NhaA2, HefABC, HefDEF, HefGHI, NorB, BmeABC1-16, BexA, MdtEF, CusCBA, AcrAB, TolC, TetA, XepCAB, and bcRABD, each contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple multi-drug efflux genes, including tolC, acrA, acrB, acrD, acrF, emrA, emrB, macA, and macB, which are significantly upregulated in persister cells, contributing to reduced antibiotic accumulation and increased drug tolerance.

The study shows that targeting the acrA gene with PPMOs increases antibiotic susceptibility in E. coli by inhibiting the AcrAB-TolC efflux system, thereby enhancing the efficacy of various antibiotics.

The study found that tolC expression was significantly increased in high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants of E. coli, and this overexpression was associated with slight improvements in organic solvent tolerance. Mutations in marR were identified as contributing to the overexpression of marA and tolC.

The study identified the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump as a critical factor in drug resistance, validating its role through experimental complementation assays.

The study identifies the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and the SOS response proteins RecA and RecC as potential targets for reversing ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli strains with intermediate susceptibility.

The study identifies the roles of TolC, FtlC, and SilC in multidrug resistance, modulation of host cell responses, and virulence in Francisella tularensis Schu S4.

Overexpression of SdsR and SdsRv2 leads to reduced tolC mRNA expression and increased growth of Shigella sonnei in the presence of norfloxacin, indicating a decrease in sensitivity to this fluoroquinolone.

The study identified 46 antibiotic resistance genes in the pre-transplant E. coli strain, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, bacitracin, and multiple drugs through efflux pumps.

The study identified several genes involved in fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, including efflux pumps (acrA, acrB, tolC), regulatory genes (marA, phoP), and DNA repair genes (uvrD, xseA).

Deletion of efflux pump genes such as acrAB and tolC significantly reduced the evolvability of tetracycline resistance in E. coli K-12 strains.

The study identified a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain isolated from a red panda that exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and macrolides. The strain possessed 20 resistance genes, such as acra, acrb, mdte, mdtf, mdtn, mdto, mdtp, tolc, arna, baca, bcr, bl1_ec, emre, ksga, macb, mdfa, mdtg, mdth, mdtk, and mdtl, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in endophytic ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh vegetables, highlighting their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The paper reviews the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in Francisella, focusing on intrinsic resistance mechanisms and the roles of specific genes such as beta-lactamases, efflux pumps, and LPS modification genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaCARB-3, blaCMY-59), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), and multidrug efflux pump genes (acrA, acrB, acrD, tolC, baeR, emrA, emrB).

The study identifies multiple beta-lactamase genes, including a novel CMY/ACT-type AmpC beta-lactamase and several metallo-beta-lactamases, as well as multidrug efflux pumps in Cedecea neteri, highlighting its resistance mechanisms against various antibiotics.

The study identifies genes such as acrA, tolC, recA, and fnr that, when knocked out or inhibited, potentiate the efficacy of antibiotics like ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim in E. coli and Salmonella enterica.

The study identifies mutations in fupA/B, acrAB-TolC, gyrA, and 30S ribosomal subunits that contribute to resistance against ciprofloxacin and doxycycline in Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in a multidrug-resistant Chryseobacterium indologenes strain, including beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies key conserved residues in RND efflux pumps and evaluates the efficacy of potential inhibitors, highlighting the role of these pumps in multidrug resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequences of seven multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from river water, identifying various antibiotic resistance genes and mutations associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study reports the presence of tetracycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from various aquatic animals, highlighting the potential risk of antimicrobial resistance in food sources.

The study shows that the TolC gene plays a significant role in the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Enterobacter bugandensis CMCC(B) 45301, with its deletion leading to increased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Arcobacter butzleri isolates from poultry in Ghana, including blaOXA-464, tetM, ermB, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the potential for horizontal and vertical transmission of resistance genes.

The study characterizes Brevundimonas brasiliensis sp. nov., a novel species isolated from a neonatal intensive care unit, and identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations associated with resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and colistin.

The study identifies several efflux pumps, outer membrane permeability alterations, and antibiotic target modifications as key mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

The study characterizes the role of RND multidrug efflux pumps in drug resistance and physiological functions in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Key findings include the identification of multiple RND efflux pumps and their contributions to multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and cellular processes.

The study identifies several genes involved in Salmonella biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, including efflux pumps, porins, and stress response proteins, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance and biofilm formation.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the E. coli EQ101 isolate, including genes involved in antibiotic efflux, inactivation, and drug replacement. Key resistance genes include TolC, emrR, evgA, qacEdelta1, H-NS, cpxA, mdtM, aadA5, mphA, CTX-M-15, sul1, and dfrA14.

The study identified four hub proteins (tolC, acrR, mdtA, and gyrA) in Shigella spp. that are associated with antibiotic resistance mechanisms, primarily efflux pumps and target alterations. These proteins are potential therapeutic targets for combating multidrug-resistant Shigella strains.

The review discusses the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli, focusing on the role of beta-lactamases, carbapenemases, and other resistance genes. It highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms to combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified 112 antibiotic-resistance genes in raw milk and dairy products, with a significant increase in resistant genes in aged cheese compared to raw milk. Key genes included OXA-662 and OXA-309, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and several efflux pump genes like abaQ, emrA, and acrAB-tolC, which contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance. The findings highlight the dynamic changes in the resistome during food processing and the potential public health risks associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance genes through raw dairy products.

The study identified several genes involved in intrinsic macrolide resistance in E. coli, including surA, waaG, acrA, acrB, tolC, lptC, bamB, lpp, tolA, tolB, tolR, waaQ, gmhB, galU, waaP, lapC, prc, nlpI, hrpA, and pgm. These genes are associated with outer membrane integrity, efflux pumps, LPS biosynthesis, and peptidoglycan metabolism.

The study identifies TolC as a critical factor in β-lactam efflux, highlighting the role of specific mutations such as D371G in modulating efflux mechanisms and resistance.

TolC and EmrA1 are essential for multidrug resistance and modulation of host cell death in Francisella novicida.

The study identifies several AMR genes in Cronobacter sakazakii, including ampC, b1256, Z2647, ACIAD3023, gstA, MarB, BsmA, PhoP, ramA, b1526, b4189, SF1149, DUF2724, T1E_0241, B1243, Arnit_2199, ECP_0940, ML0773, and ampC, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and cephalosporins.

The study identifies multiple efflux pump-encoding genes in the E. coli strain EC092, which contribute to its resistance against several antibiotics including tetracycline, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli APEC 36 strain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a high level of multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including NDM-5, CTX-M-15, TEM-1, and others, in carbapenem-resistant and ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from urinary tract infections.

The study identifies CTX-M-55, CTX-M-65, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-14 ESβL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in companion animals in Ecuador, highlighting their global One Health significance and the need for surveillance programs.

This review highlights the pathogenesis, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes of Riemerella anatipestifer, emphasizing its significance in poultry farming and the need for further research on its resistance mechanisms.

The study identified aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS, and the AcrAB efflux system as key contributors to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli isolates from Thai UTI patients, alongside specific mutations in gyrA and parC genes.

The study identified the efflux pump genes acrAB and tolC in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from human and sheep respiratory infections, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump genes as a significant contributor to ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates in Nepal.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in E. coli under potentiated sulphonamide pressure, highlighting the role of efflux pumps and folate pathway modifications in resistance development.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST361 from urban wetlands in India, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as pmr, tolC, acr, and sul2, which confer resistance to polymyxins, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and other antibiotics.