parC

Overview

Drug Classes
Ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin|clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin|ofloxacin, clinafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|trovafloxacin, nalidixic acid, Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin, Unknown, ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones, gemifloxacin|trovafloxacin|sparfloxacin|ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin|gemifloxacin|garenoxacin|norfloxacin, levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin, quinolones, moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Organisms
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus pneumoniae +18 more
Papers
65
Mutations
212
Mutations212
Nucleotide ChangeProtein ChangeTypeEffect on FunctionResistance ToYearPaperStatus
-S80I--
Ciprofloxacin
2012

High prevalence of acquired quinolone-resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae from Saudi Arabia with CTX-M-15 β-lactamase.

PMID: 22633335
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
1999

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID: 10428935
Not Validated
-S79F--
levofloxacin|clinafloxacin
2000

Activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID: 11036007
Not Validated
-K137N--
levofloxacin
2003

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID: 12878509
Not Validated
-S79F--
levofloxacin
2003

Antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints and first-step parC mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae: redefining fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID: 12890324
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
1999

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID: 10428935
Not Validated
-S79Y--
levofloxacin|clinafloxacin
2000

Activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID: 11036007
Not Validated
-S85L--
norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin|ofloxacin
2002

Role of active efflux in association with target gene mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae.

PMID: 12121955
Not Validated
-S79F--
levofloxacin
2003

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID: 12791865
Not Validated
-K137N--
levofloxacin
2003

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID: 12878509
Not Validated
-S80R--
ciprofloxacin
1999

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID: 10428935
Not Validated
-S79Y--
levofloxacin
2003

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID: 12791865
Not Validated
-D83Y--
levofloxacin
2003

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID: 12878509
Not Validated
-S80P--
levofloxacin
2003

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID: 12791865
Not Validated
-D83Y--
levofloxacin
2003

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID: 12878509
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
1999

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID: 10428935
Not Validated
-S79Y--
clinafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|trovafloxacin
2000

In vitro selection of resistance to clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID: 10991854
Not Validated
-S80I--
nalidixic acid
2001

Susceptibility patterns of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with traveller's diarrhoea: emergence of quinolone resistance.

PMID: 11699598
Not Validated
-S79Y--
levofloxacin
2003

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID: 12878509
Not Validated
-D83Y--
levofloxacin
2003

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID: 12791865
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-E84R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-E84G-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-E84R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-A108T-Target modification
Unknown
2002

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from healthy children in Spain.

PMID: 12523629
Not Validated
-E84K--
Ciprofloxacin
2012

High prevalence of acquired quinolone-resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae from Saudi Arabia with CTX-M-15 β-lactamase.

PMID: 22633335
Not Validated
-S85F--
ciprofloxacin
1999

Sequence analysis of the gyrA and parC homologues of a wild-type strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants.

PMID: 10223929
Not Validated
-D87N--
ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid
2001

Emergence of reduced susceptibility and resistance to fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli in Taiwan and contributions of distinct selective pressures.

PMID: 11600360
Not Validated
-S79Y--
levofloxacin
2003

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID: 12878509
Not Validated
-E84K--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID: 15078598
Not Validated
-S80R--
ciprofloxacin
2003

Fluoroquinolone resistance linked to GyrA, GyrB, and ParC mutations in Salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates in humans.

PMID: 14718091
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID: 15078598
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID: 15078598
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis, Taiwan, 2000-2003.

PMID: 15498176
Not Validated
-S87L--
ciprofloxacin
2003

Ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from keratitis.

PMID: 14507757
Not Validated
-E84K--
ciprofloxacin
2003

Fluoroquinolone resistance linked to GyrA, GyrB, and ParC mutations in Salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates in humans.

PMID: 14718091
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli strains from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Greece.

PMID: 14706091
Not Validated
-E84K--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID: 15078598
Not Validated
-D86G--
fluoroquinolones
2004

Use of applied biosystems 7900HT sequence detection system and Taqman assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID: 15243093
Not Validated
-S79Y--
gemifloxacin|trovafloxacin|sparfloxacin|ciprofloxacin
2005

Activity of gemifloxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID: 15728901
Not Validated
-D87S--
fluoroquinolones
2004

Use of applied biosystems 7900HT sequence detection system and Taqman assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID: 15243093
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital.

PMID: 15388428
Not Validated
-S79Y--
ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin
2004

Activities of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID: 14982762
Not Validated
-D88S--
fluoroquinolones
2004

Use of applied biosystems 7900HT sequence detection system and Taqman assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID: 15243093
Not Validated
-E84V--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital.

PMID: 15388428
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
2004

An unusually high level of quinolone resistance associated with type II topoisomerase mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of Aeromonas caviae isolated from diarrhoeal patients.

PMID: 15567276
Not Validated
-S80R--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID: 15078598
Not Validated
-S79F--
ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
2004

Mutant prevention concentrations for single-step fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of wild-type, efflux-positive, or ParC or GyrA mutation-containing Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

PMID: 15388458
Not Validated
-S79F--
ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin
2004

Activities of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID: 14982762
Not Validated
-S80R--
ciprofloxacin
2004

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID: 15078598
Not Validated
-S79L--
ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin|gemifloxacin|garenoxacin|norfloxacin
2005

Novel Ser79Leu and Ser81Ile Substitutions in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of ParC Topoisomerase IV and GyrA DNA Gyrase Subunits from Recent Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical Isolates.

PMID: 15917550
Not Validated
-S80L--
ciprofloxacin
2006

Genetic analysis of a multiresistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing PER-1 beta-lactamase.

PMID: 16451415
Not Validated
-S81F--
levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
2007

In vitro infection model characterizing the effect of efflux pump inhibition on prevention of resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID: 17846144
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-E91K--
ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin
2005

Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid media and determination of its in vitro susceptibilities to quinolones.

PMID: 16145072
Not Validated
-D78A--
fluoroquinolones
2003

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID: 16189113
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.

PMID: 17043131
Not Validated
-S80L--
ciprofloxacin
2005

Cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella, Taiwan.

PMID: 15963294
Not Validated
-D78N--
fluoroquinolones
2003

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID: 16189113
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2006

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium.

PMID: 16517894
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-S79F--
fluoroquinolones
2003

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID: 16189113
Not Validated
-S80R--
ciprofloxacin
2006

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium.

PMID: 16517894
Not Validated
-T57S--
ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
2006

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella sp. in carcasses.

PMID: 17080579
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-S80F--
ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
2008

In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: studies of the mode of action in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID: 18443108
Not Validated
-S87L--
fluoroquinolones
2007

Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community hospitals in Japan.

PMID: 17122009
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-D86N--
ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin
2005

Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid media and determination of its in vitro susceptibilities to quinolones.

PMID: 16145072
Not Validated
-S80L--
fluoroquinolones
2006

Genetic analysis of a multiresistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing PER-1 beta-lactamase.

PMID: 16451415
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-S79Y--
fluoroquinolones
2003

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID: 16189113
Not Validated
-E84K--
ciprofloxacin
2006

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium.

PMID: 16517894
Not Validated
-S80R--
ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
2006

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella sp. in carcasses.

PMID: 17080579
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-H103Y--
ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
2008

In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: studies of the mode of action in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID: 18443108
Not Validated
-D83Y--
fluoroquinolones
2003

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID: 16189113
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-S80R--
ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
2005

Characterization of isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Japan.

PMID: 16207965
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-T462A--
levofloxacin
2007

Impact of resistance selection and mutant growth fitness on the relative efficacies of streptomycin and levofloxacin for plague therapy.

PMID: 17517837
Not Validated
-S79Y--
levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
2007

In vitro infection model characterizing the effect of efflux pump inhibition on prevention of resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID: 17846144
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID: 18217551
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID: 18648533
Not Validated
-D87N--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID: 18648533
Not Validated
-D87Y--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID: 18648533
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

PMID: 18708504
Not Validated
-E84G--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

PMID: 18708504
Not Validated
-E84G--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID: 18648533
Not Validated
-S80L--
quinolones
2008

Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

PMID: 18708504
Not Validated
-S80R--
ciprofloxacin
2009

Analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in Taiwan and detection of parC resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR.

PMID: 19205458
Not Validated
-S79Y--
moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin
2010

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID: 20008781
Not Validated
-E84V--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID: 18648533
Not Validated
-S80I--
ciprofloxacin
2009

Analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in Taiwan and detection of parC resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR.

PMID: 19205458
Not Validated
-D83N--
moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin
2010

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID: 20008781
Not Validated
-L416F--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID: 18648533
Not Validated
-E84K--
ciprofloxacin
2009

Analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in Taiwan and detection of parC resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR.

PMID: 19205458
Not Validated
-K137N--
moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin
2010

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID: 20008781
Not Validated
-S80L--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from nosocomial outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California.

PMID: 18524965
Not Validated
-S458A--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID: 18648533
Not Validated
-S80F--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-E84K--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from nosocomial outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California.

PMID: 18524965
Not Validated
-S458T--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID: 18648533
Not Validated
-S80L--
ciprofloxacin
2008

Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates at a tertiary medical center in Pennsylvania.

PMID: 18725452
Not Validated
-S80L--
ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
2008

Correlation of antimicrobial resistance with beta-lactamases, the OmpA-like porin, and efflux pumps in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii endemic to New York City.

PMID: 18591275
Not Validated
-S85L--
fluoroquinolones
2009

Spontaneous quinolone resistance in the zoonotic serovar of Vibrio vulnificus.

PMID: 19218407
Not Validated
-S79F--
moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin
2010

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID: 20008781
Not Validated
-S80L--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Clinical Microbiology

PMID: 19377839
Not Validated
-S80F--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-S80F--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-S80F--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-S79Y--
fluoroquinolones
2010

In vitro antibacterial activities of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.

PMID: 20176911
Not Validated
-S79Y--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-I143V--
fluoroquinolones
2010

In vitro antibacterial activities of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.

PMID: 20176911
Not Validated
-S80Y--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-S80Y--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-S80Y--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-S80Y--
fluoroquinolones
2010

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID: 20435780
Not Validated
-S80L--
levofloxacin
2010

The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients.

PMID: 20597679
Not Validated
-D84G--
levofloxacin
2010

The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients.

PMID: 20597679
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1998

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID: 9527801
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1998

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID: 9527801
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1975

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID: 123735
Not Validated
-E84T-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-E84T-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1998

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID: 9527801
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-E84T-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1998

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID: 9527801
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1975

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID: 123735
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1998

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID: 9527801
Not Validated
-E84T-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1975

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID: 123735
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1975

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID: 123735
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
2002

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID: 12373497
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
1998

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID: 9527801
Not Validated
-S57T-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Patterns of mutations in target genes in septicemia isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

PMID: 14510643
Not Validated
-F60K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2008

Prevalence of quinolone resistance mechanisms and associations to minimum inhibitory concentrations in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans and swine in Denmark.

PMID: 18500921
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-S80L-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-S80L-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-F60I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2008

Prevalence of quinolone resistance mechanisms and associations to minimum inhibitory concentrations in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans and swine in Denmark.

PMID: 18500921
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-S80L-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
-Not Validated
-E84V-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-F60I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1991

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID: 1850092
Not Validated
-S80W-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-S80L-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-E84G-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-E84V-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-E84R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-G78D-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Patterns of mutations in target genes in septicemia isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

PMID: 14510643
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-S80W-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-S80L-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-E84V-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-A56T-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-G78C-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-S80W-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-E84G-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-E84R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-A108T-Target modification
Unknown
1991

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID: 1850092
Not Validated
-G78D-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
-Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
-Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-S80W-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-E84K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-E84A-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-E84R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-F60K-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1991

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID: 1850092
Not Validated
-S80I-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-S80W-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-E84G-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-E84V-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
-A108V-Target modification
Unknown
1991

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID: 1850092
Not Validated
-G78C-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Patterns of mutations in target genes in septicemia isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

PMID: 14510643
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2015

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID: 25631675
Not Validated
-S80W-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1995

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID: 8524852
Not Validated
-S80L-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-A108V-Target modification
Unknown
2002

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from healthy children in Spain.

PMID: 12523629
Not Validated
-S80R-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-S80W-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
-Not Validated
-S80L-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
1996

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID: 8851598
Not Validated
-E84G-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2010

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 20638608
Not Validated
-E84V-Target modification
Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID: 12654733
Not Validated
A240G---
ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
2009

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID: 18838592
Not Validated
C237TS79F--
fluoroquinolones
2008

In vitro activity of DC-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

PMID: 17938189
Not Validated
G1373A---
ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
2009

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID: 18838592
Not Validated
G251A---
ciprofloxacin
2004

Quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli strains from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Greece.

PMID: 14706091
Not Validated
G252A---
ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
2009

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID: 18838592
Not Validated
GAA -> AAGE84K--
norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections.

PMID: 14506034
Not Validated
T1392A---
ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
2009

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID: 18838592
Not Validated
T80CY80S--
ciprofloxacin
2007

Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID: 17986343
Not Validated
TCA -> ATAS80I--
norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin
2003

Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections.

PMID: 14506034
Not Validated
TCC->ATC---
ciprofloxacin
2004

Quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli strains from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Greece.

PMID: 14706091
Not Validated
Papers65
1

High prevalence of acquired quinolone-resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae from Saudi Arabia with CTX-M-15 β-lactamase.

PMID 22633335 · 2012

Under development. Phenotype should be used with caution.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Klebsiella pneumoniae
2

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID 10428935 · 1999

mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterobacter cloacae
3

Activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11036007 · 2000

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79F

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin|clinafloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
4

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID 12878509 · 2003

Mutations in parC contribute to levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
K137N

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
5

Antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints and first-step parC mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae: redefining fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 12890324 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79F

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
6

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID 10428935 · 1999

mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterobacter aerogenes
7

Activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11036007 · 2000

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin|clinafloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
8

Role of active efflux in association with target gene mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae.

PMID 12121955 · 2002

Mutation in parC is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S85L

Confers Resistance To

norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin|ofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Vibrio cholerae
9

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID 12791865 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79F

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
10

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID 12878509 · 2003

Mutations in parC contribute to levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
K137N

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
11

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID 10428935 · 1999

mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Klebsiella oxytoca
12

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID 12791865 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
13

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID 12878509 · 2003

Mutations in parC contribute to levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D83Y

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
14

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID 12791865 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80P

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
15

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID 12878509 · 2003

Mutations in parC contribute to levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D83Y

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
16

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID 10428935 · 1999

mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Klebsiella pneumoniae
17

In vitro selection of resistance to clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 10991854 · 2000

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

clinafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|trovafloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
18

Susceptibility patterns of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with traveller's diarrhoea: emergence of quinolone resistance.

PMID 11699598 · 2001

Mutations in parC were linked to nalidixic acid resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

nalidixic acid

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
19

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID 12878509 · 2003

Mutations in parC contribute to levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
20

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID 12791865 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D83Y

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
21

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
22

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
23

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
24

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84G

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
25

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
26

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
27

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
28

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from healthy children in Spain.

PMID 12523629 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
A108T

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Unknown

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
29

High prevalence of acquired quinolone-resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae from Saudi Arabia with CTX-M-15 β-lactamase.

PMID 22633335 · 2012

Under development. Phenotype should be used with caution.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Confers Resistance To

Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Klebsiella pneumoniae
30

Sequence analysis of the gyrA and parC homologues of a wild-type strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants.

PMID 10223929 · 1999

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S85F

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
31

Emergence of reduced susceptibility and resistance to fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli in Taiwan and contributions of distinct selective pressures.

PMID 11600360 · 2001

Single point mutations in parC are associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D87N

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
32

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID 12878509 · 2003

Mutations in parC contribute to levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
33

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID 15078598 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
34

Fluoroquinolone resistance linked to GyrA, GyrB, and ParC mutations in Salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates in humans.

PMID 14718091 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
35

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID 15078598 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
36

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID 15078598 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
37

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis, Taiwan, 2000-2003.

PMID 15498176 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
38

Ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from keratitis.

PMID 14507757 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S87L

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
39

Fluoroquinolone resistance linked to GyrA, GyrB, and ParC mutations in Salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates in humans.

PMID 14718091 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
40

Quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli strains from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Greece.

PMID 14706091 · 2004

Additional mutation in parC associated with high-level resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
41

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID 15078598 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
42

Use of applied biosystems 7900HT sequence detection system and Taqman assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 15243093 · 2004

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D86G

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
43

Activity of gemifloxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID 15728901 · 2005

Mutations in parC were associated with increased resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

gemifloxacin|trovafloxacin|sparfloxacin|ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
44

Use of applied biosystems 7900HT sequence detection system and Taqman assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 15243093 · 2004

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D87S

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
45

Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital.

PMID 15388428 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
46

Activities of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID 14982762 · 2004

Mutation in parC leads to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
47

Use of applied biosystems 7900HT sequence detection system and Taqman assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 15243093 · 2004

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D88S

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
48

Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital.

PMID 15388428 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84V

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
49

An unusually high level of quinolone resistance associated with type II topoisomerase mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of Aeromonas caviae isolated from diarrhoeal patients.

PMID 15567276 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Aeromonas caviae
50

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID 15078598 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
51

Mutant prevention concentrations for single-step fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of wild-type, efflux-positive, or ParC or GyrA mutation-containing Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

PMID 15388458 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79F

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
52

Activities of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID 14982762 · 2004

Mutation in parC leads to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79F

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
53

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID 15078598 · 2004

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
54

Novel Ser79Leu and Ser81Ile Substitutions in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of ParC Topoisomerase IV and GyrA DNA Gyrase Subunits from Recent Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical Isolates.

PMID 15917550 · 2005

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79L

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin|gemifloxacin|garenoxacin|norfloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
55

Genetic analysis of a multiresistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing PER-1 beta-lactamase.

PMID 16451415 · 2006

mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
56

In vitro infection model characterizing the effect of efflux pump inhibition on prevention of resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17846144 · 2007

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S81F

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
57

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
58

Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid media and determination of its in vitro susceptibilities to quinolones.

PMID 16145072 · 2005

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E91K

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
59

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID 16189113 · 2003

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D78A

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
60

Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.

PMID 17043131 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
61

Cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella, Taiwan.

PMID 15963294 · 2005

Mutation in parC contributes to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
62

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID 16189113 · 2003

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D78N

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
63

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium.

PMID 16517894 · 2006

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
64

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
65

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID 16189113 · 2003

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79F

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
66

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium.

PMID 16517894 · 2006

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
67

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella sp. in carcasses.

PMID 17080579 · 2006

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
T57S

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
68

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
69

In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: studies of the mode of action in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 18443108 · 2008

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80F

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Staphylococcus aureus
70

Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community hospitals in Japan.

PMID 17122009 · 2007

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S87L

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
71

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
72

Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid media and determination of its in vitro susceptibilities to quinolones.

PMID 16145072 · 2005

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D86N

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
73

Genetic analysis of a multiresistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing PER-1 beta-lactamase.

PMID 16451415 · 2006

mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
74

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
75

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID 16189113 · 2003

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
76

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium.

PMID 16517894 · 2006

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
77

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella sp. in carcasses.

PMID 17080579 · 2006

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
78

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
79

In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: studies of the mode of action in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 18443108 · 2008

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
H103Y

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Staphylococcus aureus
80

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID 16189113 · 2003

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D83Y

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
81

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
82

Characterization of isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Japan.

PMID 16207965 · 2005

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
83

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
84

Impact of resistance selection and mutant growth fitness on the relative efficacies of streptomycin and levofloxacin for plague therapy.

PMID 17517837 · 2007

Mutations in parC were associated with reduced susceptibility to levofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
T462A

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Yersinia pestis
85

In vitro infection model characterizing the effect of efflux pump inhibition on prevention of resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17846144 · 2007

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
86

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella enterica
87

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
88

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D87N

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
89

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D87Y

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
90

Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

PMID 18708504 · 2008

ParC mutations confer resistance to ciprofloxacin in combination with at least one mutation in gyrA.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
91

Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

PMID 18708504 · 2008

ParC mutations confer resistance to ciprofloxacin in combination with at least one mutation in gyrA.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84G

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
92

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84G

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
93

Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

PMID 18708504 · 2008

ParC mutations confer resistance to ciprofloxacin in combination with at least one mutation in gyrA.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

quinolones

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
94

Analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in Taiwan and detection of parC resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR.

PMID 19205458 · 2009

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella
95

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID 20008781 · 2010

mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
96

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84V

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
97

Analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in Taiwan and detection of parC resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR.

PMID 19205458 · 2009

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella
98

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID 20008781 · 2010

mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D83N

Confers Resistance To

moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
99

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
L416F

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
100

Analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in Taiwan and detection of parC resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR.

PMID 19205458 · 2009

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Salmonella
101

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID 20008781 · 2010

mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
K137N

Confers Resistance To

moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
102

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from nosocomial outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California.

PMID 18524965 · 2008

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Acinetobacter baumannii
103

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S458A

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
104

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80F

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Haemophilus influenzae
105

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from nosocomial outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California.

PMID 18524965 · 2008

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Acinetobacter baumannii
106

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S458T

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
107

Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates at a tertiary medical center in Pennsylvania.

PMID 18725452 · 2008

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Acinetobacter baumannii
108

Correlation of antimicrobial resistance with beta-lactamases, the OmpA-like porin, and efflux pumps in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii endemic to New York City.

PMID 18591275 · 2008

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Acinetobacter baumannii
109

Spontaneous quinolone resistance in the zoonotic serovar of Vibrio vulnificus.

PMID 19218407 · 2009

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S85L

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Vibrio vulnificus
110

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID 20008781 · 2010

mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79F

Confers Resistance To

moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
111

Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Clinical Microbiology

PMID 19377839 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
112

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80F

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Staphylococcus aureus
113

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80F

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Staphylococcus epidermidis
114

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80F

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
115

In vitro antibacterial activities of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.

PMID 20176911 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
116

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S79Y

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
117

In vitro antibacterial activities of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.

PMID 20176911 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
I143V

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
118

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80Y

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Staphylococcus aureus
119

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80Y

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Staphylococcus epidermidis
120

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80Y

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
121

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80Y

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Haemophilus influenzae
122

The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients.

PMID 20597679 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
123

The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients.

PMID 20597679 · 2010

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
D84G

Confers Resistance To

levofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
124

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
125

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 9527801 · 1998

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
126

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
127

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 9527801 · 1998

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
128

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
129

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID 123735 · 1975

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
130

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84T

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
131

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
132

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 9527801 · 1998

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84T

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
133

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
134

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
135

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 9527801 · 1998

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84T

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
136

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID 123735 · 1975

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
137

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 9527801 · 1998

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
138

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84T

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
139

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID 123735 · 1975

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
140

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID 123735 · 1975

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
141

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
142

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
143

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecalis
144

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
145

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 9527801 · 1998

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Enterococcus faecium
146

Patterns of mutations in target genes in septicemia isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 14510643 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if S57T occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S57T

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
147

Prevalence of quinolone resistance mechanisms and associations to minimum inhibitory concentrations in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans and swine in Denmark.

PMID 18500921 · 2008

Unknown phenotype if F60I or F60K occur alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
F60K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
148

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
149

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
150

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
151

Prevalence of quinolone resistance mechanisms and associations to minimum inhibitory concentrations in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans and swine in Denmark.

PMID 18500921 · 2008

Unknown phenotype if F60I or F60K occur alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
F60I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
152

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
153

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
155

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84V

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
156

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
157

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID 1850092 · 1991

Unknown phenotype if F60I or F60K occur alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
F60I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
158

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80W

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
159

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
160

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84G

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
161

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
162

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84V

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
163

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
164

Patterns of mutations in target genes in septicemia isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 14510643 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if G78C occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
G78D

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
165

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
166

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80W

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
167

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
168

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84V

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
169

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
170

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
A56T

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
171

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if G78C occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
G78C

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
172

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
173

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80W

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
174

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84G

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
175

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
176

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
177

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID 1850092 · 1991

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
A108T

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Unknown

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
178

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if G78C occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
G78D

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
181

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
182

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80W

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
183

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
184

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
185

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84A

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
186

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
187

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID 1850092 · 1991

Unknown phenotype if F60I or F60K occur alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
F60K

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
188

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80I

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
189

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80W

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
190

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84G

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
191

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84V

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
192

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID 1850092 · 1991

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
A108V

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Unknown

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
193

Patterns of mutations in target genes in septicemia isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 14510643 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if G78C occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
G78C

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
194

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
195

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80W

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
196

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
197

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from healthy children in Spain.

PMID 12523629 · 2002

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
A108V

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Unknown

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
198

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80R

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80W

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
200

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
S80L

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
201

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84G

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
202

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Protein Change
E84V

Effect on Function

Target modification

Confers Resistance To

Nalidixic acid,Ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
203

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID 18838592 · 2009

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
A240G

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
204

In vitro activity of DC-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

PMID 17938189 · 2008

Mutation detected in quinolone-resistant strains

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
C237T
Protein Change
S79F

Confers Resistance To

fluoroquinolones

Organisms Observed In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
205

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID 18838592 · 2009

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
G1373A

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
206

Quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli strains from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Greece.

PMID 14706091 · 2004

Additional mutation in parC associated with high-level resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
G251A

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
207

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID 18838592 · 2009

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
G252A

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
208

Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections.

PMID 14506034 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
GAA -> AAG
Protein Change
E84K

Confers Resistance To

norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
209

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID 18838592 · 2009

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
T1392A

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
210

Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 17986343 · 2007

The tyrosine-containing ParC protein confers resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
T80C
Protein Change
Y80S

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Staphylococcus aureus
211

Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections.

PMID 14506034 · 2003

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
TCA -> ATA
Protein Change
S80I

Confers Resistance To

norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli
212

Quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli strains from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Greece.

PMID 14706091 · 2004

Additional mutation in parC associated with high-level resistance

Mutation Information

Gene Name
parC
Nucleotide Change
TCC->ATC

Confers Resistance To

ciprofloxacin

Organisms Observed In

Escherichia coli