Browse AMR Genes

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mshA

glycosyltransferase

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to mshA

Browse AMR rules for mshA

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: defect in ethionamide activation
Validation Method: mutant isolation and complementation
Drug Classes: Ethionamide, Isoniazid, Isoniazid|Ethionamide, Prothionamide
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Geographic Location: Europe|Africa|South East Asia|Western Pacific|Americas, Georgia|Moldova|Peru|South Africa|Viet Nam, South Africa|Singapore|Brazil
Papers: 12
Databases: Reslit
Mutations: 13

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
A187V	-	single resistance variant	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	IsoniazidEthionamideIsoniazid\|Ethionamide	Card DatabaseReslit	Confirmed
G299C	-	Loss of function	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Ethionamide	Reslit	Candidate
E361A	-

Papers12

1

Mycothiol biosynthesis is essential for ethionamide susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 18651841 · 2008

Mutations in the mshA gene, which is involved in mycothiol biosynthesis, confer co-resistance to isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mshA
Allele: mshA
Encodes: glycosyltransferase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: defect in ethionamide activation
Confers Resistance To: Ethionamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: mutant isolation and complementation

2

Resistance to Isoniazid and Ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Genes, Mutations, and Causalities.

PMID 26104204 · 2014

The study identifies key genes and mutations involved in resistance to isoniazid (INH) and ethionamide (ETH) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, highlighting the role of katG, inhA, and ethA in resistance mechanisms.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mshA
Allele: mshA
Encodes: glycosyl transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: Mutations in mshA disrupt mycothiol biosynthesis, leading to resistance by affecting the activation of ethionamide.
Confers Resistance To: Ethionamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium smegmatis
Geographic Location: South Africa|Singapore|Brazil
Validation Method: Gene knockout and resistance testing.

3

Efficacy of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination is linked to WhiB4-mediated changes in redox physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 28548640 · 2017

The study identifies BlaC as a β-lactamase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that contributes to β-lactam resistance, and shows that WhiB4 modulates its expression in a redox-dependent manner.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mshA
Allele: mshA
Encodes: mycothiol synthase
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: MIC testing and redox potential measurements

4

Investigating resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates with genomic and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a multicentre observational study.

PMID 35907429 · 2022

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, including rpoB, fabG1, inhA, ndh, katG, mshA, ahpC, gyrA, gyrB, rrs, eis, embCAB, pncA, and rpsA, which are associated with resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mshA
Allele: mshA
Encodes: Mycobactin synthetase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: chromosomal resistance
Confers Resistance To: Isoniazid
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Geographic Location: Georgia|Moldova|Peru|South Africa|Viet Nam
Validation Method: genomic resistance prediction based on mutation catalogue
Sequence Accession: PRJEB48275

5

The MAGMA pipeline for comprehensive genomic analyses of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples.

PMID 38019772 · 2023

The MAGMA pipeline was developed for comprehensive genomic analyses of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples, demonstrating improved detection of drug resistance variants compared to existing pipelines like MTBseq. It successfully identified various AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to multiple anti-TB drugs.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mshA
Allele: mshA
Encodes: mycothiol synthase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ethionamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: variant calling and resistance annotation

6

Leveraging large-scale Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequence data to characterise drug-resistant mutations using machine learning and statistical approaches.

PMID 39511309 · 2024

The study identifies several genes and mutations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including pncA, ethA, ndh, mshA, embR, rpoB, inhA, gyrA, and Rv0678, along with their respective mutations that confer resistance to pyrazinamide, ethionamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline, and clofazimine.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mshA
Allele: mshA
Encodes: mycothiol synthase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Isoniazid
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Europe|Africa|South East Asia|Western Pacific|Americas
Validation Method: association analysis with resistance phenotypes