Key Findings

The study highlights the challenges in detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in the presence of plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) in E. coli clinical isolates, identifying several ESBL genes (blaTEM-1, blaSHV, blaCTX-M) and pAmpC genes (cmrA, FOX-5) that contribute to resistance against various beta-lactam antibiotics.