Key Findings

The study identified multiple AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from powdered milk, including blaSHV variants, oqx genes, fosA, pmrB_R256G, and mcr-9. These genes conferred resistance to beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, quinolones, fosfomycin, and colistin. Despite some isolates carrying mcr-9, they remained susceptible to colistin.