Key Findings

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens, including floR, qnrS, mcr-1, aadE-Sat4-aphA-3, blaNDM, and aac(6')-lb. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as florfenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, kanamycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, and meropenem.